# References and Chapter Reading Guide

This editorial appendix lists 61 distinct resources: 25 scholarly articles, three primary works or extracts, 32 legal or policy instruments, and one news report. Entries 1–19 are comparative readings added during the bibliography expansion; entries 20–53 come from the book’s original reference inventory; entries 54–61 are editorial sources used in earlier source checks. The consolidated list restores one historical rental regulation that had been read but omitted from the later inventory. Distinct resources are not necessarily independent studies, nor do they support every proposition in the book.

Primary works clarify objects of criticism and the scope of their claims; articles provide specific research or methodological comparisons. Legal and policy sources are used only within their stated versions, jurisdictions, matters, and provisions. Uses, recorded reading scopes, and unestablished claims are distinguished. The scopes inherit earlier checks, not a fresh reading of every work in this round. Issue dates may differ from online-publication dates, and recorded links do not guarantee continuing webpage availability. English titles of Chinese legal and policy documents are editorial translations for identification, not certified official translations; document numbers are romanized.

The book’s body, terminology, political position, and arguments remain unchanged. Inclusion neither asserts that the book’s author read every listed work nor implies endorsement by the other authors. Similar concepts do not become equivalents of the book’s differentiating units, weight, write-back, or social ontology.

## I. Added Comparative Readings and Chapter Guide

### 1. Manifesto of the Communist Party

Marx, Karl, and Friedrich Engels. 1848. Manifesto of the Communist Party. Translated by Samuel Moore in cooperation with Friedrich Engels, 1888. Marxists Internet Archive, transcription identifying Marx/Engels Selected Works, vol. 1 (Moscow: Progress Publishers, 1969) as its source. Chapters I and II.

Source or bibliographic link: https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1848/communist-manifesto/index.htm

Chapter connections: Preface and Chapters 1–3, 18, 26, 29, and 34

Use: Primary text for critical comparison

Chapters I and II provide primary formulations concerning class struggle, the bourgeoisie and the state, property, family, education, and national relations. Chapter I presents the bourgeoisie as the product of historical development and describes competition among workers and the repeated disruption of their organization. Engels's 1888 note qualifies the opening historical claim as referring to written history. These qualifications matter when identifying the precise object of criticism. The book's judgment concerning class theory remains its own theoretical argument.

The consulted scope is the online preamble, Chapters I and II, and the notes to Chapter I, rather than the entire work and all edition prefaces.

### 2. Preface.

Marx, Karl. 1859. “Preface.” In A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy. Marxists Internet Archive, online text identifying the Progress Publishers edition (Moscow, 1977) as its source.

Source or bibliographic link: https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1859/critique-pol-economy/preface.htm

Chapter connections: Preface and Chapters 1, 3, 18, and 26

Use: Primary text for critical comparison

The preface sets out Marx's account of relations of production, economic structure, legal and political superstructure, and the relation between social existence and consciousness. It also distinguishes changes in the economic conditions of production from the ideological forms through which people become conscious of conflict. This is a primary text for examining the position the book criticizes. Editorial material appended to the online transcription should be distinguished from Marx's signed preface.

The complete signed preface was read in the online transcription; it was not collated page by page against the 1977 print edition. The webpage does not name a translator.

### 3. Engels to J. Bloch.

Engels, Friedrich. 1890. “Engels to J. Bloch.” Extract dated September 21, 1890, in the consulted transcription. Marxists Internet Archive, citing Historical Materialism (Marx, Engels, Lenin) (Progress Publishers, 1972), 294–296.

Source or bibliographic link: https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1890/letters/90_09_21.htm

Chapter connections: Preface and Chapters 3 and 26

Use: Primary comparison and scope clarification

The extract distinguishes an ultimately determining economic element from an exclusively determining one. It acknowledges the influence of political, legal, and religious forms and the interaction of individual wills, while retaining the ultimately determining role of the production and reproduction of real life. It is relevant to assessing the scope of claims about the tradition being criticized, not evidence that Engels denied every non-economic influence. This distinction does not replace the book's own judgment concerning Model C.

All five substantive paragraphs displayed on the linked page were read. The page supplies an extract with omissions, not the complete letter. Its cited print pages were not independently collated.

### 4. Economic Action and Social Structure: The Problem of Embeddedness.

Granovetter, Mark. 1985. “Economic Action and Social Structure: The Problem of Embeddedness.” American Journal of Sociology 91(3): 481–510.

Source or bibliographic link: https://doi.org/10.1086/228311

Public copy: https://sociology.stanford.edu/sites/sociology/files/economic_action_and_social_structure.pdf

Chapter connections: Introduction and Chapters 3, 8, 15, 27, 31, and 36; a comparison of explanatory scope for Chapter 39

Use: Related relational mechanisms and explanatory scope

Pages 481–493 examine action within ongoing social relations, including the conditions under which relations produce trust or create opportunities for wrongdoing. Pages 502–508 address organizational explanations and the scope of embeddedness analysis. Page 506 explicitly limits the analysis to proximate causes rather than claiming to answer broad questions about the nature of modern society. This makes the article useful for comparing relational mechanisms while keeping the book's differentiating units, write-back, and ontological claims separate. It is a different work from Granovetter's 1973 article, “The Strength of Weak Ties.”

The verified reading covers pages 481–493 and 502–508, twenty distinct pages rather than the full thirty-page article.

### 5. Manifesto for a Relational Sociology.

Emirbayer, Mustafa. 1997. “Manifesto for a Relational Sociology.” American Journal of Sociology 103(2): 281–317.

Source or bibliographic link: https://doi.org/10.1086/231209

Public copy: https://scispace.com/pdf/manifesto-for-a-relational-sociology-jjhfxdfudt.pdf

Chapter connections: Introduction and Chapters 5, 6, and 39; comparison of theoretical positions in the Preface and Chapter 1

Use: Comparison of relational ontology and method, including differences of position

The article distinguishes analyses that begin with preformed entities from those that give priority to processes and relations. Pages 286–287 explain how the terms within a transaction acquire meaning and identity through their functional roles, rather than merely connecting already fixed individuals. Pages 303–308 identify unresolved problems of boundaries, entity formation, network dynamics, and causal mechanisms; pages 309–310 discuss normative judgment. These questions can be read alongside the book's account of differentiating units, concrete consequences, and positive social ontology, while keeping the two conceptual schemes distinct. Pages 288–290 both recognize relational elements in Marx and criticize tendencies to reify class interests. The article does not share the book's entire judgment on class theory and Model C. Its critique of categories must not be presented as the book's denial of real national communities.

The verified reading covers pages 281–291 and 303–312, twenty-one distinct pages rather than the full thirty-seven-page article. The publicly displayed PDF reproduces journal pagination and was checked against the DOI metadata.

### 6. The Ethnography of Infrastructure.

Star, Susan Leigh. 1999. “The Ethnography of Infrastructure.” American Behavioral Scientist 43(3): 377–391.

Source or bibliographic link: https://doi.org/10.1177/00027649921955326

Public copy: https://ics.uci.edu/~wscacchi/GameLab/Recommended%20Readings/ethnography-infrastructure-Star-1999.pdf

Chapter connections: Chapters 5, 6, 17, 20, 30, 32, and 36

Use: Comparison of classification, infrastructure, and the interpretation of records

Star treats infrastructure as relational to organized practices: what operates smoothly in the background for one person may be an obstacle for another. Pages 380–382 discuss standards, conventions, installed systems, and breakdown; pages 384–387 examine classifications in forms, invisible work, and small obstacles amplified through workflows. Pages 387–388 distinguish an artifact with practical effects, a record of activity, and information treated as a faithful mirror of reality. These distinctions offer comparisons for the book's accounts of formatting, connections between materials, positions of responsibility, and the consequences of records. The article does not establish the book's sequence of write-back, nor does the existence of a form alone establish a fact of life or eligibility. The Moses bridge example on pages 388–389 is explicitly described as controversial and is not treated here as an independently verified historical fact.

All fifteen pages, 377–391, were read, including the notes and bibliography. Reading that bibliography does not establish that its listed works were checked. The public copy is hosted in a UC Irvine faculty teaching directory.

### 7. Administrative Burden: Learning, Psychological, and Compliance Costs in Citizen-State Interactions.

Moynihan, Donald, Pamela Herd, and Hope Harvey. 2015. “Administrative Burden: Learning, Psychological, and Compliance Costs in Citizen-State Interactions.” Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 25(1): 43–69. First published online February 27, 2014.

Source or bibliographic link: https://doi.org/10.1093/jopart/muu009

Public copy: https://digitalgovernmenthub.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/muu009.pdf

Chapter connections: Chapters 5, 17, 20, 30, 32, and 36

Use: Comparison of administrative procedures, cost allocation, and service access

The article defines administrative burden through citizens' experiences, distinguishing the learning costs of finding out about programs and application processes, psychological costs such as stigma and lost autonomy, and compliance costs such as forms, documentation, and renewals. Pages 53–62 examine Wisconsin Medicaid across three governorships, tracing how political preferences, administrators, federal requirements, and procedures shaped applicants' experiences; the evidence includes twenty-four interviews and policy documents. This can be compared with the book's distinction between facts of life, procedural acceptance, authority at different nodes, and actual consequences. The authors do not regard all burdens as useless or malicious. Page 50 also identifies weaker evidence for the effects of psychological costs on take-up, so the three components must not be presented as equally established. This is research on US welfare administration, not legal authority for Chinese admissions, student registration, medical insurance, archival correction, or judicial enforcement.

The verified reading covers pages 43–65, twenty-three distinct pages comprising the substantive article text. The remaining acknowledgments and bibliography on pages 66–69 are not counted as read. Tables 1 and 2, including the continuation of Table 2, were checked on the original pages. The public copy is supplied by the Georgetown-affiliated Digital Government Hub.

### 8. Measuring Care: Gender, Empowerment, and the Care Economy.

Folbre, Nancy. 2006. “Measuring Care: Gender, Empowerment, and the Care Economy.” Journal of Human Development 7(2): 183–199.

Source or bibliographic link: https://doi.org/10.1080/14649880600768512

Public copy: https://online.fliphtml5.com/pfug/pcyd/

Chapter connections: Chapter 27, with Chapters 5, 32, and 39

Use: Conceptual and measurement comparison of care responsibilities and contributions of time and money

Folbre distinguishes the inputs required by care from outcomes such as health and education. Pages 186–188 differentiate care by its relation to markets, the labor process, and its beneficiaries, rather than restricting it to unpaid housework. Pages 192–194 emphasize that supervisory and on-call responsibilities can constrain other activities while escaping adequate measurement in surveys that record only primary activities. This can be read alongside Chapter 27's tracing of bedside attendance, leave from work, advances of money, and lost opportunities to change jobs; it also helps frame Chapter 32's refusal to reduce all family support to income. The article retains both the costs and rewards of care, rather than treating care itself as depletion alone. Pages 194–195 warn against treating market services as perfect substitutes for family care. Pages 195–197 propose six possible indices of responsibility, not a single scale already validated internationally. These indices do not replace the book's tracing of specific bearers, relational chains, and historical materials, or establish its overall social ontology.

The verified reading covers pages 183–197, fifteen distinct pages, through the final proposed index and acknowledgments. The remaining bibliography on pages 198–199 is not counted as read. Reading used original journal page images in a public reader, with Crossref metadata checked for title, author, journal details, year, pagination, and DOI; the reader is not a publisher website. No PDF was obtained in this batch. OCR served only as an aid; key definitions, Table 1, measurement limits, and the index proposals were checked against page images. This is conceptual and measurement work, not legal authority for Chinese hospital signatures, care leave, inheritance, or admissions. Statistics and studies cited within it are not counted as separately verified sources in this batch.

### 9. Neighborhood Institutions as Resource Brokers: Childcare Centers, Interorganizational Ties, and Resource Access among the Poor.

Small, Mario Luis. 2006. “Neighborhood Institutions as Resource Brokers: Childcare Centers, Interorganizational Ties, and Resource Access among the Poor.” Social Problems 53(2): 274–292.

Source or bibliographic link: https://doi.org/10.1525/sp.2006.53.2.274

Public copy: https://inequality.stanford.edu/sites/default/files/media/_media/pdf/Reference%20Media/Small_2006_Social_Networks.pdf

Chapter connections: Chapter 28, with Chapters 5, 27, 32, and 39

Use: Comparison of mechanisms connecting local organizations, personnel's actions, and resource access

Small studies sixteen childcare centers in three high-poverty New York City neighborhoods to examine how residents obtain information and services through centers' ties to other organizations. Here, resource brokerage connects individuals to organizations, rather than merely introducing two acquaintances; brokering external resources also differs from directly providing a center's own services. Pages 283–285 distinguish formality from dependence on staff action. The four cells of Table 4 mark ends of two continua, not four fixed categories. Referrals, workshops, bulletin boards, membership arrangements, and informal introductions work through different mechanisms; sharing a location does not by itself establish that resources have reached someone. This can be compared with Chapter 28's requirement to return to specific personnel, records, procedures, and relational pathways. The article allows for divergent interests among organizational members and examines external requirements and professional norms; an organization or local network should not be recast as a unified personality. Pages 287–288 explicitly present the propositions about stability, resilience, and sensitive resources as hypotheses, not established universal causal laws.

The verified reading covers pages 274–289, sixteen distinct pages comprising the abstract, theory, methods, findings, and conclusion. The bibliography on pages 290–292 is not counted as read. The first page, sample Table 1, and mechanism Table 4 were visually checked in Stanford University's public PDF. This is a mechanism-oriented case study, not a representative survey of all New York City childcare centers. Footnote 5 on page 289 mentions preliminary survey findings from a larger project; those must not be conflated with this article's sixteen cases. Access to some resources through organizations does not imply that every locality offers such channels or that kinship ties can be replaced wholesale. The article does not establish specific Chinese residence, community-certification, or admission requirements.

### 10. Invisible Inequality: Social Class and Childrearing in Black Families and White Families.

Lareau, Annette. 2002. “Invisible Inequality: Social Class and Childrearing in Black Families and White Families.” American Sociological Review 67(5): 747–776.

Source or bibliographic link: https://doi.org/10.2307/3088916

Public copy: https://www.asanet.org/wp-content/uploads/savvy/images/members/docs/pdf/featured/lareau.pdf

Chapter connections: Chapter 32, with Chapters 2, 27, and 39

Use: Empirical comparison of family conditions and institutional encounters, with the difference in class-theoretical framework made explicit

Lareau combines interview data on families of eighty-eight children with intensive observation of twelve families, examining daily schedules, language use, kin ties, and parents' and children's encounters with teachers, healthcare professionals, and others. She characterizes two childrearing logics as concerted cultivation and the accomplishment of natural growth; these are her terms, not new concepts introduced into this book. The institutional encounters on pages 766–771 connect opportunities to ask questions, obtain information, raise objections, and seek adjustments to resources and actual interactions. Less frequent visits to school by parents or greater reserve toward officials cannot simply be equated with lack of concern for children. Pages 768 and 772–774 retain unsuccessful interventions, within-group variation, and differing costs of both approaches; neither is presented as intrinsically preferable. These observations invite comparison with Chapter 32's tracing of family fallback support, teachers' interpretations, and conditions for remedy. Lareau nevertheless explicitly organizes her explanation through class analysis, differing from this book's rejection of class entities and the total class image. Citing her observations implies neither her endorsement of this book nor a revision of its judgment on class theory into a limited acceptance of class entities.

The verified reading covers pages 747–755 and 761–774, twenty-three distinct pages including methods, Tables 1–2, later case material, institutional encounters, and discussion. The remaining case material on pages 756–760 and bibliography on pages 775–776 were not read; this is not a claim of full-article reading. The public PDF is supplied by the American Sociological Association. Pagination follows the original first and last pages; OpenAlex's incomplete last-page value of 747 was not copied. This is a nonrandom US sample, and the author explicitly limits generalization beyond the cases studied. The sample groupings are not based on income alone, and the article does not establish innate or hereditary differences or directly support conclusions about all Chinese families, schools, or admissions procedures.

### 11. Algorithmic Labor and Information Asymmetries: A Case Study of Uber’s Drivers.

Rosenblat, Alex, and Luke Stark. 2016. “Algorithmic Labor and Information Asymmetries: A Case Study of Uber’s Drivers.” International Journal of Communication 10: 3758–3784.

Source or bibliographic link: https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/view/4892

Public copy: https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/download/4892/1739/21331

Chapter connections: Chapter 33 on platform personnel, records, ratings, visibility, and appeals; Chapter 31 on market evaluation authority and responsibility; Chapter 36 on verification of materials

Use: Comparison with a historical platform case and its specific mechanisms

The study brings together driver forums, interviews, interface design, and corporate communications to examine how dispatch information, demand prompts, passenger ratings, and support responses shape work. Page 3765 is particularly useful alongside the book’s treatment of conflicting records: some drivers valued the accountability afforded by trip records, while one interviewee described obtaining a fare correction by supplying his own dashcam footage. This is not evidence that all appeals necessarily fail. An interviewee’s generalization about corporate favoritism must also be distinguished from a universal fact established by the researchers. Pages 3771–3775 invite comparison with the book’s distinctions among evaluators, customer-service authority, and the consequences of ratings. Corporate claims about algorithms, actual interface messages, and the complete operation of backend software are different kinds of evidence; this article does not provide a comprehensive audit of backend code. These observations do not alter the book’s judgments about class entities and Model C, or imply that the two scholars endorse its social ontology.

Verified reading covers printed pages 3758–3778; page 3778 is already bibliography and supplies no additional substantive evidence. Key original pages and all six interface figures were also inspected visually. The main forum study ran from December 2014 to September 2015 and used five forums, approximately 1,350 archival items, and semi-structured interviews with seven drivers; the article also cites later public materials. The authors state that the sample is not necessarily representative of all drivers and that forum names, driver identities, and quotations were modified for confidentiality. Historical fares, rating thresholds, and city rules are not treated as current universal rules. This article neither supplies legal authority for the book’s Chinese institutional examples nor establishes that a successful appeal restores every consequence. The citation follows the journal’s printed range, 3758–3784, rather than treating a publisher page field of 27 as pagination. No journal DOI was established, so none is supplied.

### 12. Good Gig, Bad Gig: Autonomy and Algorithmic Control in the Global Gig Economy.

Wood, Alex J., Mark Graham, Vili Lehdonvirta, and Isis Hjorth. 2019. “Good Gig, Bad Gig: Autonomy and Algorithmic Control in the Global Gig Economy.” Work, Employment and Society 33(1): 56–75.

Source or bibliographic link: https://doi.org/10.1177/0950017018785616

Public copy: https://opendocs.ids.ac.uk/articles/journal_contribution/Good_Gig_Bad_Gig_Autonomy_and_Algorithmic_Control_in_the_Global_Gig_Economy/26430187

Chapter connections: Chapter 33 on ratings, ranking, work opportunities, and living conditions; Chapter 31 on income, control, and risk; Chapter 36 on comparisons of weight

Use: Cross-regional empirical comparison of remote digital labor, with attention to method

A central contribution of this study is to retain autonomy and control together. Interviewees could exercise real discretion over methods, clients, and schedules, while ratings, client deadlines, competition, and income needs could also induce faster work, night work, or longer hours. Page 64 distinguishes work being directed away from poorly rated workers from the direct deactivation of an account; some monitoring arrangements were also valued as protection against non-payment. Pages 68–70 examine skills, reputation, labor supply and demand, and differences in job quality. These can be compared with the book’s tracing of specific distributions of opportunity, without attributing every outcome to technology or income alone. The article’s marketplace bargaining power, structural power, and symbolic power belong to its own theoretical framework. They are not interchangeable with the book’s weight or differentiating units, and their inclusion does not require the book to recognize class entities.

Verified reading covers pages 56–71, including the abstract, methods, findings, and conclusion; bibliography pages 72–75 are not counted as read. The analysis uses interviews with 107 workers in six countries and a non-probability survey of 679 workers in Southeast Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa, concerning two leading remote labor platforms. The 679 respondents must not be described as a representative sample of the six interview countries. Invitation response rates on the two platforms were 30% and 7%; recruitment, exclusions, and self-selection issues are discussed. Sample percentages are neither global workforce proportions nor causal effects from a randomized experiment. Remote digital work cannot simply be equated with delivery or passenger transport, and the article does not verify the book’s particular family, care, or appeal examples. The journal issue is dated 2019; first online publication was in 2018.

### 13. Want to be on the top? Algorithmic power and the threat of invisibility on Facebook.

Bucher, Taina. 2012. “Want to be on the top? Algorithmic power and the threat of invisibility on Facebook.” New Media & Society 14(7): 1164–1180.

Source or bibliographic link: https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444812440159

Public copy: https://computingeverywhere.soc.northwestern.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/Bucher-Facebook.pdf

Chapter connections: Chapter 33 on ranking, visibility, user interaction, and rule changes; Chapter 36 on verifiable scope and comparison methods

Use: Comparison with a historical news-feed case and a theory of visibility

Drawing on Foucault’s analysis of power, Bucher examines a pressure different from being permanently watched: content may disappear from the feed, encouraging participants to pursue interaction and exposure. Pages 1167–1169 discuss the then-known EdgeRank factors, default settings, and cycles of interaction; pages 1172–1174 present observations from her own account. This offers a comparison with the book’s distinction between ranking and actual visibility: existing content is not guaranteed to be seen, and interaction signals do not fully establish its value. Increased exposure need not bring only benefits, and a low ranking should not automatically be described as a penalty or ban; these still require judgment within the book’s concrete events. Bucher’s ‘threat of invisibility’ is her analytical concept, not a new term coined for this book. It must not replace the author’s differentiation-network ontology with Foucault’s theory or a checklist of platform technologies.

Verified reading covers pages 1164–1178 through the substantive conclusion; the remaining notes and bibliography on pages 1179–1180 are not counted. This is theoretical analysis combined with two months of observation of the author’s personal account in March–April 2011, not a randomized multi-account experiment or a complete backend-code audit. She explicitly acknowledges undisclosed operations and the effects of her own usage frequency. Single-day proportions cannot be generalized into platform-wide or present-day exposure rates. Page 1178 also records a September 20, 2011 redesign that removed the original separation between the two feeds. Tentative statements about particular ranking weights must not be promoted into directly tested, fixed rules. Nor does this study establish current appeal, penalty, or data-retention arrangements across platforms.

### 14. Resource Mobilization and Social Movements: A Partial Theory.

McCarthy, John D., and Mayer N. Zald. 1977. “Resource Mobilization and Social Movements: A Partial Theory.” American Journal of Sociology 82(6): 1212–1241.

Source or bibliographic link: https://doi.org/10.1086/226464

Public copy: https://users.ssc.wisc.edu/~peoliver/SOC924/Articles/McCarthyZald1977.pdf

Chapter connections: Chapter 34 on organizational nodes, resource allocation, and positions of participation; read alongside Chapter 2 on resource differences and Chapter 37 on community mechanisms

Use: Comparison of concepts and mechanisms, rather than empirical verification of the book’s specific scenarios or its ontology as a whole

This theoretical article distinguishes movements from movement organizations and groupings of organizations. It also separates those who endorse goals, those who provide resources, potential beneficiaries, bystanders, and opponents. These positions can overlap; an organizational name or a shared demand does not establish equal contributions or benefits. The authors further distinguish people involved in decision-making, paid staff, and people who intermittently carry out tasks, examining how time, money, facilities, outside support, and existing connections affect sustained participation. These distinctions can be read alongside Chapter 34’s attention to actual bearers, task allocation, and participation costs, and Chapter 37’s distinction between temporary mobilization and a continuing community.

The passages checked are on printed pages 1212–1228 and 1235–1238; only the concluding paragraph on page 1238 supplies substantive evidence, with the remainder consisting of references. The public scan includes a cover sheet, so file-page numbers differ from journal pagination. The article develops concepts and illustrative hypotheses, relying mainly on American cases and disproportionately on organizations of the left. It explicitly offers a partial theory, not a completed cross-societal validation. Its assumptions about organizational survival, resources, and preferences are not equivalent to the book’s differentiating units, weight, or differentiation network. They cannot be used to weaken the author’s denial of class entities or to substitute organizational names for concrete personnel.

### 15. Recruitment to High-Risk Activism: The Case of Freedom Summer.

McAdam, Doug. 1986. “Recruitment to High-Risk Activism: The Case of Freedom Summer.” American Journal of Sociology 92(1): 64–90.

Source or bibliographic link: https://doi.org/10.1086/228463

Public copy: https://users.ssc.wisc.edu/~peoliver/SOC924/Articles/McAdamHighRisk.pdf

Chapter connections: Chapter 34 on participation, withdrawal, risk, and cost; read alongside Chapter 37 on the formation and weakening of action communities and Chapter 38 on differences among participants using a shared slogan

Use: Historical research with specific sampling and measurement limits, used to compare participation mechanisms and research methods

McAdam studies applicants to the 1964 Mississippi Freedom Summer project. He uses applications completed before the campaign to compare those who subsequently participated with those who withdrew, rather than simply treating attitudes formed after participation as its causes. The article distinguishes costs in time, money, and energy from anticipated legal, physical, social, and financial dangers. Participants and withdrawals could both strongly support the movement’s goals: commitment did not guarantee participation, while prior organizational and interpersonal ties were associated with participation. This offers a comparison for Chapter 34’s distinctions among positions of participation, differing risks, and reasons for withdrawal. The article also explicitly rejects an inevitable progression from low-risk participation to more intensive involvement; it supplies no law by which movements necessarily become revolutions.

The relevant text, methods, results, and conclusions checked span pages 64–89; the references beginning on page 89 are not counted as additional evidence. This is a historical sample selected through an application process, not a randomized experiment involving the general population. Page 72 reports 239 withdrawals, while the abstract and some tables use 241; this discrepancy is retained rather than imposing one number on every analysis. Tables 8 and 9 use a regression sample of 794. The study operationalizes strong ties as names listed directly on an application and weak ties as connections through an intermediary; these measures cannot be generalized to every close or distant relationship. The expected direction of constraints such as marriage and employment was not consistently confirmed, and the summed personal constraints and prior activism were not statistically significant in the principal multivariable models. These hypotheses must not be presented as laws established by this study. Nor does a comparison among selected applicants directly verify the student-registration, debt, account, or care consequences in Chapter 34’s composite scenario.

### 16. Framing Processes and Social Movements: An Overview and Assessment.

Benford, Robert D., and David A. Snow. 2000. “Framing Processes and Social Movements: An Overview and Assessment.” Annual Review of Sociology 26: 611–639.

Source or bibliographic link: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.soc.26.1.611

Public copy: https://users.ssc.wisc.edu/~peoliver/SOC924/Articles/BenfordSnowAnnRev2000.pdf

Chapter connections: Chapter 34 on slogan compression, attribution of responsibility, internal dissent, and consequences of action; Chapter 37 on the distinction between a common name and a community; Chapter 38 on shared slogans and differences in participation

Use: Comparison with a conceptual research review, without equating framing theory with this book or counting every study it cites as newly verified

This review distinguishes identifying a problem and attributing responsibility, articulating a remedy, and offering reasons to act. Agreement that a problem exists does not automatically establish agreement about responsibility or remedies; securing agreement and securing action are also distinct tasks. The authors discuss how slogans accent selected experiences, how organizations and participants contest interpretations, and how extending a frame can generate disagreements or fail to produce the intended results. These analyses can be read alongside Chapters 34 and 38, where shared slogans do not erase differences in reasons for participation. They also prompt attention to the distinction in Chapter 37 between temporary joint action and continuing community mechanisms.

The public copy bears typesetting proof marks. Its authors, title, and pagination were checked against the publication metadata; word-for-word identity with the final published version has not been certified. The text checked runs from page 611 through the conclusion on page 633; the bibliography beginning on page 633 is not treated as additional substantive support. This is a selective conceptual and theoretical review, not a quantitative synthesis of effect sizes or a direct test of all movements. Its discussion of empirical credibility on page 620 concerns whether people regard material as credible, not whether a claim is true. Pages 626 and 632–633 retain unresolved questions about causal explanation, movement outcomes, and methods. Frames, master frames, and resonance must not silently replace the book’s images, total images, weight, or write-back. Changes in frames do not substitute for the book’s sequence in which preservation forms write-back and later renewed extraction makes the preserved content effective again. An account of organizational force does not establish the existence of class entities or weaken the author’s position that class theory belongs to Model C from the outset, his opposition to communism, or the positive ontology of differentiation networks.

### 17. Understanding Process Tracing

Collier, David. 2011. “Understanding Process Tracing.” PS: Political Science & Politics 44(4): 823–830.

Source or bibliographic link: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1049096511001429

Public copy: https://polisci.berkeley.edu/sites/default/files/people/u3827/Understanding%20Process%20Tracing.pdf

Chapter connections: Chapter 38 on evidentiary force, temporal sequence, alternative explanations, and counterexamples; Chapter 39 on examining concrete events, research grounds, and reasons for revision

Use: Methodological comparison concerning within-case evidence and causal inference

Collier defines process tracing as the systematic examination of diagnostic evidence in light of research questions and hypotheses. Pages 823–825 emphasize that analyzing change requires adequate descriptions of situations at particular moments. Whether evidence distinguishes explanations depends on background knowledge, assumptions, and observable implications. Pages 825–828 distinguish clues that only modestly increase plausibility, tests that a hypothesis must pass but that do not by themselves confirm it, and evidence that more strongly supports an explanation. This can be read alongside Chapter 38 on the differing evidentiary force of statements, documents, procedural responses, and records, and Chapter 39 on why a particular judgment should stand, be narrowed, or be withdrawn. Tracing the order of events still requires identifying which materials support the asserted connections; temporal narration alone is not causal proof.

The consulted scope comprises the main text, Tables 1–7, and conclusion on pages 823–829. Notes and bibliography on page 829 are not counted as additional substantive support, and page 830 was not treated as new research. The Sherlock Holmes story is a teaching illustration, not social evidence. Pages 825–827 make the classification of tests dependent on assumptions rather than rigid rules; page 828 retains problems of omitted variables, measurement error, and probabilistic relationships. The article supplies no score sheet that automatically adjudicates all theories, and it does not turn the book’s calibration dimensions into fixed steps. This methodological comparison neither replaces nor directly proves the book’s positive ontology of differentiation networks, its denial of class entities, or its judgment that class theory belongs to Model C from the outset.

### 18. Case Selection Techniques in Case Study Research: A Menu of Qualitative and Quantitative Options

Seawright, Jason, and John Gerring. 2008. “Case Selection Techniques in Case Study Research: A Menu of Qualitative and Quantitative Options.” Political Research Quarterly 61(2): 294–308.

Source or bibliographic link: https://doi.org/10.1177/1065912907313077

Public copy: https://aceproject.org/electoral-advice/archive/questions/replies/614466876/555642411/Gerring-Case-selection-Techniques-in-Case-Study.pdf

Chapter connections: Chapter 38 on scope, comparison, and contrary cases; Chapter 39 on scope conditions, conceptual discrimination, and different levels of examination

Use: Methodological comparison concerning case selection and the scope of generalization

This methodological article gives different purposes to typical, diverse, extreme, deviant, influential, most similar, and most different cases. Pages 294–300 require researchers to explain how their cases relate to the population of interest. A typical case that fits a model may still reveal that its proposed causal mechanism is absent, and a small residual does not guarantee representativeness when the model is misspecified. Pages 301–306 distinguish unusual values from departures from a model’s expectations and explain why a design suited to discovering an explanation cannot simply be presented as confirmation of the new hypothesis. These distinctions help readers understand the book’s requirements to retain contrary materials, state the scope of comparisons, and preserve reasons for revision. The article allows research designs to change with findings; this does not license arbitrary changes of scope merely to save a conclusion.

The consulted scope is the main text, Tables 1–2, and conclusion on pages 294–307. Notes and bibliography on page 307 are not counted as additional substantive support, and page 308 was not treated as new research. Page 296 primarily limits the approach to causal research that infers from a few cases to a larger population, rather than every descriptive study or inquiry concerned only with a particular event. Statistical selection requires available data, defensible measurement, and model assumptions. The development-and-democracy illustrations on pages 299 and 305 use explicitly simplified assumptions, not universal laws independently verified here. Page 302’s discussion of a single deviant case refuting a deterministic proposition cannot be applied indiscriminately to the book’s overall ontology. The book’s conceptual composite situations remain conceptual illustrations; adding this reference does not turn them into a sample survey. Weight, differentiating units, and relational fields do not directly equal regression coefficients, variables, or statistical samples. This does not exempt the foundational proposition from criticism: Chapter 39 requires a public account of its boundaries, unexplained matters, and formulations that may need correction when continuing counterexamples challenge the foundational proposition itself.

### 19. Experimental Designs for Identifying Causal Mechanisms

Imai, Kosuke, Dustin Tingley, and Teppei Yamamoto. 2013. “Experimental Designs for Identifying Causal Mechanisms.” Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series A (Statistics in Society) 176(1): 5–51.

Source or bibliographic link: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-985X.2012.01032.x

Public copy: https://imai.fas.harvard.edu/research/files/Design.pdf

Chapter connections: Chapter 38 on connections among materials, evidentiary force, and alternative explanations; Chapter 39 on distinctions among empirical claims, methodological conditions, and ontology

Use: Technical comparison of causal-mechanism identification and its assumptions, not a statistical definition of the book’s concepts

Imai and colleagues explicitly define the mechanism studied as the process through which a treatment affects an outcome through a mediator, formalized as a natural indirect effect. Pages 5–11 explain that randomizing treatment can help identify an average treatment effect but does not automatically identify mediation: the mediator–outcome relationship may remain confounded. Pages 12–14 further show that separately observing a treatment’s effect on a mediator and a mediator’s effect on an outcome does not generally establish the proposed natural indirect effect. The authors present a parallel experimental design with additional conditions. They emphasize that the act of manipulating the mediator must not change the outcome through other pathways and distinguish an absence of interaction at the individual level from equality on average. This can be read alongside the book’s requirement to establish whether a connection actually operated in an event: drawing a relational chain, observing a temporal sequence, or estimating an association does not remove the need to examine alternative mechanisms and identification conditions.

The consulted scope is pages 5–14 and the conclusion on pages 25–26. The remaining designs’ full derivations, appendix proofs, replication materials, and appended discussion were not verified. The published range, pages 5–51, includes discussion; statements by discussants must not all be attributed to the three authors. The volume year is 2013; 2012 is the advance-publication and copyright year. Page 7 assumes no interference between units and a binary treatment, while pages 8–9 acknowledge that this is not the only meaning of mechanism. These conditions cannot be applied directly to the book’s interpersonal transmission, continuing relays, and write-back across events; the research question and defensible assumptions must first be specified. An average indirect effect is not the book’s weight, and a mediator is not a differentiating unit. The article supplies no value grounds for deriving rights, duties, or legitimacy from relational facts, nor does it empirically validate the book’s overall ontology.

## II. Scholarly Works in the Original Reference Inventory

### 20. The Making and Unmaking of Ethnic Boundaries: A Multilevel Process Theory

Wimmer, Andreas. 2008. “The Making and Unmaking of Ethnic Boundaries: A Multilevel Process Theory.” American Journal of Sociology 113(4): 970–1022.

Source or bibliographic link: https://doi.org/10.1086/522803

Recorded reading scope: 970–982 and 1008–1011

Use and limits: Boundary categories and behavioral dimensions offer a comparison of boundary mechanisms. Page 981 rejects treating ethnic categories as unitary actors; page 982 distinguishes group-level analysis from ontological collectivism. Probabilistic and consensus conditions remain, and some hypotheses on page 1011 await testing. This does not independently establish the book’s ontology of national communities.

### 21. The Study of Boundaries in the Social Sciences

Lamont, Michèle, and Virág Molnár. 2002. “The Study of Boundaries in the Social Sciences.” Annual Review of Sociology 28(1): 167–195.

Source or bibliographic link: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.soc.28.110601.141107

Recorded reading scope: 167–173 and 181–190

Use and limits: Symbolic and social boundaries are distinguished on pages 168–169; community, national, and local interactions and membership conditions are discussed later. The category/community discussion on page 182 differs from this book’s position and must not be imported as its theory. Pages 189–190 are bibliography, not additional substantive evidence.

### 22. Collective Memory and Cultural Identity

Assmann, Jan. 1995. “Collective Memory and Cultural Identity.” New German Critique no. 65: 125–133. Translated by John Czaplicka.

Source or bibliographic link: https://doi.org/10.2307/488538

Recorded reading scope: 126–132, with pages 125 and 133 checked for framing and translation credit

Use and limits: Intergenerational practices, carriers, objectification, reconstruction, and organization support a comparison of memory-maintenance mechanisms. Page 125 concerns cultural socialization, not phylogenetic or racial memory. Page 133 identifies John Czaplicka as translator, not coauthor. The complete article spans pages 125–133.

### 23. Social Memory Studies: From “Collective Memory” to the Historical Sociology of Mnemonic Practices

Olick, Jeffrey K., and Joyce Robbins. 1998. “Social Memory Studies: From ‘Collective Memory’ to the Historical Sociology of Mnemonic Practices.” Annual Review of Sociology 24(1): 105–140.

Source or bibliographic link: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.soc.24.1.105

Recorded reading scope: 105–112 and 121–135

Use and limits: The discussion rejects reification and a mystical group mind, treats memory as process, and considers socialization, media practices, dispute, change, and continuity. Page 135 is bibliography, not a new argument. These comparisons do not give a collective name a unified personality.

### 24. Social Capital: Its Origins and Applications in Modern Sociology

Portes, Alejandro. 1998. “Social Capital: Its Origins and Applications in Modern Sociology.” Annual Review of Sociology 24(1): 1–24.

Source or bibliographic link: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.soc.24.1.1

Recorded reading scope: 1–7, 15–18, and 21–23

Use and limits: Resources, relations, sources, and effects must be distinguished. Exclusion of outsiders, excessive claims on members, restrictions on freedom, and downward-leveling norms are retained. The article warns against reversed causation, circular definition, and unconditional celebration of community. Page 23 is bibliography, not independent argument.

### 25. Social Capital in the Creation of Human Capital

Coleman, James S. 1988. “Social Capital in the Creation of Human Capital.” American Journal of Sociology 94: S95–S120.

Source or bibliographic link: https://doi.org/10.1086/228943

Recorded reading scope: S98–S105 and S109–S116

Use and limits: The specified sixteen pages concern obligations and expectations, information channels, and relations within and outside families as resources. Heterogeneity on page S98 and design and proxy-variable limitations on page S113 remain. The article is not evidence that the book’s differentiation network or a class-reproduction claim has been proved.

### 26. The Strength of Weak Ties

Granovetter, Mark S. 1973. “The Strength of Weak Ties.” American Journal of Sociology 78(6): 1360–1380.

Source or bibliographic link: https://doi.org/10.1086/225469

Recorded reading scope: 1360–1369 and 1373–1378

Use and limits: Tie strength and bridging have a conditional relationship: weak ties are not necessarily bridges. The West End explanation on page 1375 is acknowledged as speculation lacking data; page 1378 sets out a limited exploratory agenda. The article does not establish a unified community will. This is distinct from the 1985 embeddedness article.

### 27. Neighborhoods and Violent Crime: A Multilevel Study of Collective Efficacy

Sampson, Robert J., Stephen W. Raudenbush, and Felton Earls. 1997. “Neighborhoods and Violent Crime: A Multilevel Study of Collective Efficacy.” Science 277(5328): 918–924.

Source or bibliographic link: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.277.5328.918

Recorded reading scope: 918–924

Use and limits: The study concerns 8,782 respondents in 343 neighborhood clusters in 1995; note 21 specifies 7,729 people with complete data for the relevant analysis. Its measures, models, and limits must be retained. Page 923 identifies the cross-sectional design and single-city scope; causation is not established. The underlying data and formulae were not independently recomputed.

### 28. Collective Action and the Evolution of Social Norms

Ostrom, Elinor. 2000. “Collective Action and the Evolution of Social Norms.” Journal of Economic Perspectives 14(3): 137–158.

Source or bibliographic link: https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.14.3.137

Recorded reading scope: 137–143 and 148–156

Use and limits: The cited version is the 2000 journal article, not the 1999 working paper. Conditional cooperation, punishment, information about past conduct, and rules provide bounded comparisons. They do not establish a unified community will or make community demands inherently legitimate. Pages 155–156 are references, not additional substantive evidence.

## III. Legal and Policy Sources in the Original Reference Inventory

### 29. Compulsory Education Law of the People’s Republic of China

Version and identification: 2018 amendment

Source or bibliographic link: https://www.gov.cn/guoqing/2021-10/29/content_5647617.htm

Recorded reading scope: Articles 11–13; the previously checked central framework.

Use and limits: Use is limited to the cited framework and specified provisions. Provincial arrangements and particular admission procedures require their own evidence; this is not verification of every article.

### 30. Measures for the Administration of Student Registration in Primary and Secondary Schools

Version and identification: Jiao Ji [2025] No. 1

Source or bibliographic link: https://www.moe.gov.cn/srcsite/A06/jcys_jyzb/202502/t20250207_1177647.html

Recorded reading scope: Articles 3–8 and 27–30; the recorded check of links on the Ministry of Education page.

Use and limits: The provisions describe creating records after enrollment and categories of basic information. They do not establish a nationwide checklist of documents for parents. No document-attachment link was found in the recorded page check.

### 31. Measures for the Determination of Work-Related Injuries

Version and identification: Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security Order No. 8; effective January 1, 2011

Source or bibliographic link: https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/2022-08/31/content_5711327.htm

Recorded reading scope: Articles 1–27; the attached application form was not separately read.

Use and limits: Application, investigation, determination, and remedies have different responsible parties. Article 6 permits other evidence of an employment relationship; a written contract is not the only permissible proof.

### 32. Civil Procedure Law of the People’s Republic of China

Version and identification: 2023 amendment

Source or bibliographic link: https://cicc.court.gov.cn/html/1/218/62/83/443.html

Recorded reading scope: Articles 66–75, 171–182, and 235–269; the latter range includes the originally specified Articles 250–255.

Use and limits: The grounds and deadlines for appeals and the conditions for enforcement differ. Providing asset information does not guarantee recovery. Provisions on ordinary commercial arbitration must not be treated as covering labor arbitration. The two earlier citation ranges are consolidated here without losing either use. The checks do not establish every enforcement prerequisite or the probative force of evidence in an individual case.

### 33. Measures for the Administration of Work Capacity Appraisal

Version and identification: Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security and National Health Commission Order No. 55; 2025

Source or bibliographic link: https://www.gov.cn/gongbao/2025/issue_12106/202506/content_7028414.html

Recorded reading scope: Articles 1–39; attachments omitted from the gazette page were not counted as read.

Use and limits: Articles 17–29 address service, renewed appraisal, review, and expert conduct; Articles 7–16 set out the initial application chain. This bibliographic clarification does not silently replace the book’s originally cited range.

### 34. Law of the People’s Republic of China on Mediation and Arbitration of Labor Disputes

Version and identification: 2007

Source or bibliographic link: https://www.beijing.gov.cn/zhengce/zhengcefagui/qtwj/201912/t20191219_1307906.html

Recorded reading scope: Articles 1–54.

Use and limits: Confirmation of an employment relationship, evidentiary duties, remedies against different awards, and enforcement after failure to comply when due are distinct. Their existence does not make every procedure mandatory in every case.

### 35. Administrative Reconsideration Law of the People’s Republic of China

Version and identification: 2023 revision

Source or bibliographic link: https://www.gov.cn/yaowen/liebiao/202309/content_6901584.htm

Recorded reading scope: Articles 11, 19–20, and 30–79.

Use and limits: Work-injury determinations may be challenged through administrative reconsideration as provided by law. Acceptance, supplementation, evidence, hearings, and decisions are not the same process as renewed work-capacity appraisal.

### 36. Regulations on Work-Related Injury Insurance

Version and identification: 2010 revision; reproduced in the 2011 State Council Gazette

Source or bibliographic link: https://www.gov.cn/gongbao/content/2011/content_1778064.htm

Recorded reading scope: Articles 17–19, 21–28, 30, 33, and 62.

Use and limits: Injury determination, appraisal, benefits, and the liability of uninsured employers must be distinguished. Article 18 does not require a written contract as the only employment evidence; Article 30 limits reimbursable items.

### 37. Supreme People’s Court Provisions on Restricting High Consumption and Related Consumption by Persons Subject to Enforcement

Version and identification: 2015 amended and republished text

Source or bibliographic link: https://www.court.gov.cn/fabu/xiangqing/15046.html

Recorded reading scope: Republished Articles 1–11 and the amending decision.

Use and limits: Prerequisites, restricted items, decisions, assistance or public notices, and lifting restrictions each have conditions. These rules do not establish that every record has effects on employment, loans, or departure from the country.

### 38. Measures for Reviewing and Confirming Minimum-Livelihood Assistance

Version and identification: Min Fa [2021] No. 57

Source or bibliographic link: https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/zhengceku/2021-07/29/content_5628296.htm

Recorded reading scope: Articles 5, 9–18, 20, 25–26, and 30–32.

Use and limits: The checked acceptance, verification, and supplementation mechanisms concern minimum-livelihood assistance, not every form of social assistance.

### 39. General Office of the State Council, Opinions on Improving Medical Insurance and Assistance for Major and Serious Diseases

Version and identification: Guo Ban Fa [2021] No. 42; October 28, 2021

Source or bibliographic link: https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2021-11/19/content_5651446.htm

Recorded reading scope: Parts II–VIII.

Use and limits: Medical assistance, minimum-livelihood assistance, and basic medical insurance are distinct. The source does not establish that every medical expense is paid in full.

### 40. Regulations of the People’s Republic of China on Household Registration

Version and identification: 1958; consulted official reproduction

Source or bibliographic link: https://gat.zj.gov.cn/col/col1229098252/art/2026/art_a71c53257b474e938a30ebd0f6294d18.html

Recorded reading scope: Articles 1–3, 7, and 17–19.

Use and limits: Birth registration, changes or corrections to registered particulars, names, and family changes must be distinguished. Correction after verification does not imply that registration creates the underlying facts of life.

### 41. Regulations on Marriage Registration

Version and identification: 2025

Source or bibliographic link: https://www.gov.cn/gongbao/2025/issue_12006/202504/content_7021465.html

Recorded reading scope: Articles 1–4 and 7–10.

Use and limits: Application categories, required documents, personal attendance, and networked verification have defined scopes. Requirements for mainland residents in 2025 must not mechanically retain the older household-register requirement.

### 42. Interim Regulations on Real Estate Registration

Version and identification: 2019 amended text

Source or bibliographic link: https://www.gov.cn/gongbao/content/2019/content_5468903.htm

Recorded reading scope: Articles 2, 8, 15–16, and 27–28.

Use and limits: Applications and access to registration information each have conditions concerning persons, documents, matters, purposes, and confidentiality. Not everyone may retrieve all information without restriction.

### 43. Administrative Penalty Law of the People’s Republic of China

Version and identification: 2021 revision

Source or bibliographic link: http://www.npc.gov.cn/npc/c2/c30834/202101/t20210122_309857.html

Recorded reading scope: Articles 44–67.

Use and limits: Verification of evidence, records of the whole process, publication and withdrawal of specified penalties, confidentiality, decisions, service, hearings, and enforcement are distinct. Publication does not authorize permanent and unconditional use.

### 44. Resident Identity Card Law of the People’s Republic of China

Version and identification: 2011 amendment

Source or bibliographic link: http://www.npc.gov.cn/npc/c2/c12435/201905/t20190522_81831.html

Recorded reading scope: Articles 13–15.

Use and limits: The right to prove identity, specified occasions for presenting a card, and police inspection powers are distinct. Confidentiality, alternative proof, and restrictions on retention of cards remain relevant.

### 45. Social Insurance Law of the People’s Republic of China

Version and identification: 2018 amendment

Source or bibliographic link: https://www.gov.cn/guoqing/2021-10/29/content_5647616.htm

Recorded reading scope: Articles 4, 58, 74, and 83.

Use and limits: There are direct provisions on enrollment, contributions and entitlement records, checking records, and remedies. They do not establish that retrospective contributions restore every eligibility condition or period of continuous coverage.

### 46. Archives Law of the People’s Republic of China

Version and identification: 2020 revision

Source or bibliographic link: http://www.npc.gov.cn/npc/c2/c30834/202006/t20200620_306637.html

Recorded reading scope: Articles 1–53.

Use and limits: The checked text did not establish a general procedure for individuals to correct factual errors in personal archives. Article 21 prohibits falsification; Article 28 concerns access; Article 46 concerns reporting unlawful conduct. These are not interchangeable with correction of recorded facts.

### 47. Regulations for Implementing the Archives Law of the People’s Republic of China

Version and identification: 2024

Source or bibliographic link: https://www.gov.cn/gongbao/2024/issue_11166/202402/content_6931883.html

Recorded reading scope: Articles 1–52.

Use and limits: Articles 39–40 concern authenticity and traceability, Article 46 investigation of violations, and Articles 48–51 orders to rectify unlawful management. These do not establish a general procedure for correcting factual errors in personal archives.

### 48. Shanghai Municipal Education Commission, Implementation Opinions on Admission to Compulsory-Education Schools in Shanghai in 2023

Version and identification: Hu Jiao Wei Ji [2023] No. 10

Source or bibliographic link: https://edu.sh.gov.cn/xxgk2_zdgz_rxgkyzs_02/20230330/c1c9c715418e49faad3a32981aeb4830.html

Recorded reading scope: The recorded provisions of the 2023 Shanghai admissions policy.

Use and limits: Use remains limited to the stated year, jurisdiction, and applicant categories. Detailed document requirements need specific supporting passages; this is not a nationwide or present-day general rule.

### 49. Beijing Municipal Education Commission, Opinions on Compulsory-Education Admissions in 2024

Version and identification: Jing Jiao Ji Er [2024] No. 4

Source or bibliographic link: https://jw.beijing.gov.cn/xxgk/2024zcwj/2024xzgfwj/202404/t20240423_3632758.html

Recorded reading scope: The recorded 2024 admissions provisions on employment in Beijing, actual residence, and the Beijing residence permit.

Use and limits: These are local and annual admission conditions, not uniform national rules. The archived page’s status label does not extend the policy to every later admission year.

### 50. Dapeng New District, Guide to Applications for Grade-Seven Places in the 2024–2025 Academic Year

Version and identification: 2024–2025 academic year

Source or bibliographic link: https://www.dpxq.gov.cn/ztzl/mszt/jypx/tzgg/content/post_11320115.html

Recorded reading scope: The archived guide’s specified passages on application, housing, social insurance, and supporting materials.

Use and limits: Parents’ online entry, alternative housing routes, issuers of community documents, social-insurance exceptions, and exclusion of retrospective contribution periods from the relevant calculation remain distinct. They do not establish the book’s entire admissions chain in Chapter 30. The retained evidence is an archived guide, not a newly retrieved current webpage.

### 51. Baiyun District, Guangzhou, Measures for Points-Based Admission of Accompanying Children of Migrants to Guangzhou

Version and identification: Yun Jiao Gui Zi [2024] No. 1; issued April 30, 2024

Source or bibliographic link: https://www.gz.gov.cn/gfxwj/qjgfxwj/byq/qbm/content/post_9630491.html

Recorded reading scope: Articles 2–7 and the archived page’s validity information.

Use and limits: The four routes in Article 4(3) are alternatives, not cumulative requirements. The page records an expiry date of April 10, 2025. The document is retained as a historical example, not described as a current 2026 rule.

### 52. Labor Contract Law of the People’s Republic of China

Version and identification: 2007 text, with the 2012 amending decision checked for the cited provisions

Source or bibliographic link: https://www.gov.cn/gongbao/content/2007/content_711013.htm

Recorded reading scope: Articles 7, 10, and 30, together with the 2012 amending decision.

Use and limits: The employment relationship begins with the commencement of work; written-contract and wage obligations are distinct. The 2012 changes to Articles 57, 63, 66, and 92 did not amend these three cited provisions.

### 53. Notice and Attached Procedures on Direct Settlement of Basic Medical Insurance Expenses for Treatment across Provincial Boundaries

Version and identification: Yi Bao Fa [2022] No. 22; notice dated June 30, 2022; procedures effective January 1, 2023

Source or bibliographic link: https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/zhengceku/2022-07/26/content_5702881.htm

Recorded reading scope: Previously checked provisions including Articles 2, 8, 32, 43, 44, and 64 of the procedures.

Use and limits: Use is limited to the specified interprovincial basic-insurance arrangements. The book’s family advances and care obligations remain the author’s scenario; this source does not establish a nationwide checklist for it or every local rule in 2026.

## IV. Editorial Sources Used in Earlier Verification

### 54. Military Service Law of the People’s Republic of China

Version and identification: 2021 revision; authorized Xinhua publication

Source or bibliographic link: http://www.xinhuanet.com/politics/2021-08/20/c_1127781601.htm

Recorded reading scope: Articles 5, 11, 14–15, 18–26, and 65.

Use and limits: Military-service obligations, registration, and conditions for recruitment are distinct. The source supplies a statutory comparison, not a proof of the book’s social ontology.

### 55. Regulations on Recruitment for Military Service

Version and identification: 2023 revision; reproduced by People’s Daily/People.cn

Source or bibliographic link: http://cpc.people.com.cn/BIG5/n1/2023/0413/c64387-32663139.html

Recorded reading scope: Articles 11–27 and 74, with Article 7 on confidentiality.

Use and limits: Household-registration rules and exceptions for recruitment elsewhere, physical examinations, political assessment, and approval are distinct steps with their own conditions.

### 56. Regulations on Housing Rental

Version and identification: 2025; Xinhua text reproduced by People.cn

Source or bibliographic link: http://politics.people.com.cn/n1/2025/0721/c1001-40526641.html

Recorded reading scope: Articles 2, 8, 13, 15, 27, 30, 33, 41, and 50.

Use and limits: Filing routes do not establish retrospective satisfaction of school-admission requirements. Penalties applicable to enterprises cannot be extended indiscriminately to every individual.

### 57. Two Departments Call for Further Deepening and Standardizing Tax–Bank Cooperation

Version and identification: China News Service policy report; April 2, 2026

Source or bibliographic link: https://www.chinanews.com.cn/cj/2026/04-02/10597592.shtml

Recorded reading scope: The archived news report through the final paragraph quoting the responsible official.

Use and limits: This is a secondary report, not the full notice. It gives indirect support concerning tax-credit financing and authorization. It is not an independent replication of the policy facts also documented by the notice listed separately.

### 58. Measures for the Administration of Individual Social Insurance Entitlement Records

Version and identification: Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security Order No. 14; 2011

Source or bibliographic link: https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/2022-08/31/content_5711330.htm

Recorded reading scope: Articles 1–6 and 14–23.

Use and limits: Article 16 provides for a written checking request, supporting documents, review, and correction of verified errors. This supports a record-checking mechanism, not retrospective contributions or recognition of school-admission eligibility.

### 59. State Taxation Administration and National Financial Regulatory Administration, Notice on Further Deepening and Standardizing Tax–Bank Cooperation

Version and identification: Shui Zong Na Fu Fa [2026] No. 19

Source or bibliographic link: https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/zhengceku/202604/content_7064570.htm

Recorded reading scope: Parts I–IV of the notice and its signature date.

Use and limits: The notice directly concerns using tax data in credit models, assessments, and enterprise classification. Voluntary authorization, minimum necessity, and restricted access matter; this does not establish a rule for every statutory administrative matter.

### 60. Interim Regulations on Enterprise Information Disclosure

Version and identification: 2024 amended text

Source or bibliographic link: https://www.samr.gov.cn/xyjgs/flfg/art/2024/art_be55c2e3a54a43e5ab12794c9dc87600.html

Recorded reading scope: Articles 2–3, 6–7, 10, 14–19, and 23.

Use and limits: Disclosure, spot checks, evidence collection, abnormal operations, unlawful or dishonest conduct, and specified credit constraints have direct textual grounds. Public access also prevents treating the book’s word “only” as an externally established rule covering every possible use of enterprise information.

### 61. Measures for the Administration of Commodity Housing Rental

Version and identification: Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development Order No. 6; effective February 1, 2011

Source or bibliographic link: https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/2022-01/25/content_5711968.htm

Recorded reading scope: Articles 1–28; the earlier recorded reading is retained.

Use and limits: Articles 14, 16, and 23 concern filing and correction after delay, within the housing scope of Article 2. They do not establish retrospective compliance with admission deadlines. The relationship to the 2025 rental regulations and local rules has not been established here; no claim of general current applicability is made.

## Thematic Navigation

- Objects of criticism and theoretical scope: 1–3; comparisons of relational theory: 4–5.
- Classification, infrastructure, and administrative burden: 6–7.
- Family care, local resources, and educational opportunities: 8–10.
- Platform labor, algorithmic management, and visibility: 11–13.
- Social movements, organization, and differences in participation: 14–16.
- Theory examination, case selection, and mechanism identification: 17–19.
- Previously cited boundary, memory, and relational research: 20–28.
- Previously cited education, labor, judicial, assistance, identity, and records provisions: 29–53.
- Earlier editorial checks of military-service, rental, insurance, enterprise, and tax–bank sources: 54–61.

Editorial consolidation date: October 10, 2026.